Cooking Conversions
Grams ↔ cups, ml ↔ oz, oven temperatures & air fryer settings
Convert between the measurements recipes actually use — grams to cups, millilitres to ounces, tablespoons, teaspoons — and switch oven temperatures between Celsius, Fahrenheit and gas mark, with air-fryer adjustments included. Because a cup of flour and a cup of sugar don't weigh the same, the weight conversions here are ingredient-aware rather than one-size-fits-all.
Cup conversions are ingredient-specific — flour, sugar and butter all weigh different amounts per cup. Based on US cups (240 ml).
Convert a conventional oven recipe to air fryer settings. Rule of thumb: reduce temperature by 20°C (about 25°F) and cut time by ~20%.
Why "a cup" isn't a straightforward measure
Cups measure volume — the space something takes up — while grams measure weight, and the two only line up neatly for water. A cup of plain flour weighs around 125 g; a cup of granulated sugar closer to 200 g; a cup of butter about 227 g. That's why converting an American recipe by treating every cup as the same number of grams goes wrong, and why baking in particular, which is closer to chemistry than cooking, rewards a set of scales over a measuring cup.
Oven temperatures have their own quirk: gas marks aren't evenly spaced, and fan ovens run hotter than they read, so a fan oven is usually set about 20°C below a conventional recipe's figure. The conversions here account for both, so you're not left doing sums with floury hands.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
How many grams are in a cup? ▼
It depends on the ingredient! One US cup of plain flour ≈ 125–170g, granulated sugar ≈ 200g, butter ≈ 227g, and water/milk ≈ 240g. That's why our calculator asks you to pick the ingredient — a cup is a volume measure, but grams measure weight, so the conversion changes per ingredient.
What is 180°C in Fahrenheit and gas mark? ▼
180°C = 350°F = Gas Mark 4 = 160°C fan. This is the most common "moderate" baking temperature for cakes and biscuits. Use the Oven Temp tab to convert any temperature instantly.
How do I convert oven recipes to an air fryer? ▼
The standard rule is to reduce the temperature by 20°C (around 25°F) and cut the cooking time by about 20%, because air fryers circulate hot air more efficiently. Always check your food early — the Air Fryer tab gives you a suggested "check at" time.
What is the difference between fan and conventional oven temperatures? ▼
A fan (convection) oven runs about 20°C hotter than a conventional oven at the same dial setting, so recipes usually tell you to set a fan oven 20°C lower. For example, 180°C conventional = 160°C fan.
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