VAT Calculator
Add or remove UK VAT instantly — 20%, 5% and custom rates
Add VAT to a net figure or strip it out of a gross one in a couple of seconds, at any of the UK rates — 20% standard, 5% reduced, zero-rated, or a custom rate you set yourself. It's the everyday tool for anyone raising invoices, checking a receipt, or working out what a price looks like before or after tax.
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📋 UK VAT Rates Guide 2026
| Rate | What it applies to | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Standard (20%) | Most goods and services | Electronics, clothing, software, professional services |
| Reduced (5%) | Specific goods/services | Energy bills, children's car seats, stop-smoking products |
| Zero (0%) | VAT-exempt categories | Most food, books, children's clothes, prescription medicine |
| Exempt | Not subject to VAT at all | Financial services, insurance, education, healthcare |
UK VAT registration threshold 2026: £90,000 annual turnover. Businesses above this must register and charge VAT.
🧮 How this is calculated ▼
To add VAT to a net price: VAT = net × rate, then gross = net + VAT.
To remove VAT from a gross price: net = gross ÷ (1 + rate), then VAT = gross − net.
UK rates: standard 20% · reduced 5% · zero 0%
Example at 20%: £100 net + £20 VAT = £120 gross. Working backwards, £120 ÷ 1.20 = £100 net (not £120 − 20%, which is a common mistake — that would give £96).
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
How do I add VAT to a price? ▼
To add 20% VAT to a net price, multiply by 1.20. For example: £100 net × 1.20 = £120 gross. The calculator above does this instantly — just enter your net price and select the VAT rate.
How do I remove VAT from a price? ▼
To remove 20% VAT from a gross price, divide by 1.20 (not multiply by 0.8 — that gives the wrong answer). For example: £120 ÷ 1.20 = £100 net. Switch the calculator to "Remove VAT" mode above.
What is the current UK VAT rate? ▼
The standard UK VAT rate is 20%. There is also a reduced rate of 5% for items like domestic energy and children's car seats, and a zero rate (0%) for most food, books, and children's clothing.
What is the VAT registration threshold in the UK? ▼
The UK VAT registration threshold for 2026 is £90,000 annual turnover. If your taxable turnover exceeds this over a 12-month period, you must register for VAT with HMRC.
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